The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal and repellent efficacy of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) extracts against the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts, a serious pest of stored wheat grains. Excessive use of synthetic insecticides in grain storage systems has resulted in environmental contamination, insect resistance, and toxic residues in food materials. Therefore, botanical alternatives are receiving increasing attention for sustainable pest management.

In the present study, ethanolic and aqueous extracts prepared from Tulsi leaves were tested at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% against adult Trogoderma granarium under laboratory conditions. Parameters including mortality percentage, repellency activity, feeding deterrence, grain weight loss, and reproductive inhibition were evaluated over a period of 45 days.

Results indicated that Tulsi extracts possessed significant bioactive properties against Khapra beetles. Higher concentrations produced stronger insecticidal and repellent effects. Maximum mortality (87%) was observed at 15% ethanolic extract after 14 days of exposure. Grain damage and weight loss were significantly reduced in treated grains compared to untreated controls. Germination studies revealed that treated wheat grains maintained high viability, indicating the safety of Tulsi extracts for stored grain protection.