This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an aqueous extract of Carica papaya on the diversity and dynamics of insect and acarid fauna associated with okra cultivation in the peanut basin of Senegal. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with two treatments: an untreated control (T0) and a treatment with Carica papaya extract (T1). A total of 26,320 insects belonging to eight orders were recorded, with a marked dominance of Hemiptera, particularly Amrasca biguttula and wingless aphids. No mites were observed. The results show that during the vegetative stage, an increase in certain pests was observed after application of the extract. Conversely, during the flowering-fruiting stage, a significant reduction in the main pest species was recorded. The extract of Carica papaya thus showed a variable effect depending on the phenological stage, with interesting regulatory potential on pest populations, while maintaining the overall community structure. No significant effect was observed on yield.